Dr Rahul Bhargava

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

MBBS, MD, DM (Clinical Haematology)

Principal Director & Chief Hematology at Fortis Hospital

Osteosclerotic Myeloma

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :

The survival rate varies depending on the stage of diagnosis and the patient’s overall health. Early diagnosis and treatment significantly improve the prognosis.

While there is no cure for osteosclerotic myeloma, treatments can effectively manage symptoms and prolong life.

Risks include infections, graft-versus-host disease, and organ damage. However, the procedure is generally safe under expert care.

Yes, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding infections can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Understanding Osteosclerotic Myeloma

Osteosclerotic Myeloma is a rare subtype of multiple myeloma, a cancer that originates in the plasma cells of bone marrow. Unlike typical myeloma, which leads to bone loss, osteosclerotic myeloma causes an abnormal hardening of the bones. This condition is often associated with POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal gammopathy, and Skin changes).

Causes and Types of Osteosclerotic Myeloma

The exact cause of osteosclerotic myeloma remains unclear, but it is believed to result from genetic mutations in plasma cells. This condition is often linked to POEMS syndrome, which includes a range of symptoms and complications.

Osteosclerotic myeloma can be classified into several types based on its association with other conditions:

  1. POEMS Syndrome: The most common association, characterized by a range of systemic symptoms.
  2. Solitary Osteosclerotic Lesions: Rare cases where a single lesion is present without the broader systemic effects of POEMS.

Types of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is classified based on the type of lymphocyte (B-cell or T-cell) and how the lymphoma behaves (aggressive or indolent):

  • B-Cell Lymphomas: The most common type, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and follicular lymphoma.
  • T-Cell Lymphomas: Less common and includes peripheral T-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
  • Aggressive Lymphomas: Grow and spread quickly, requiring immediate treatment.
  • Indolent Lymphomas: Slow-growing and may not require treatment immediately but need careful monitoring.

Symptoms of Osteosclerotic Myeloma

Patients with osteosclerotic myeloma may experience a variety of symptoms, including:

  • Bone pain or discomfort due to bone hardening.
  • Weakness or numbness, especially in the extremities.
  • Organ enlargement (hepatomegaly or splenomegaly).
  • Skin changes, such as hyperpigmentation or increased hair growth.
  • Hormonal imbalances leading to issues like thyroid dysfunction or diabetes.
  • Fatigue and general weakness.

Diagnosis of Osteosclerotic Myeloma

Diagnosing osteosclerotic myeloma requires a comprehensive approach:

  • Blood Tests: To identify abnormal plasma cells and check for POEMS syndrome markers.
  • Imaging: X-rays, MRIs, or CT scans to detect bone hardening and any associated lesions.
  • Bone Marrow Biopsy: To confirm the presence of malignant plasma cells.
  • Nerve Conduction Studies: Especially if neuropathy is present, to assess nerve damage.

Treatment Options for Osteosclerotic Myeloma

Treatment for osteosclerotic myeloma is tailored to the patient’s specific needs, often focusing on both the myeloma and associated POEMS syndrome. Common treatment options include:

  • Medications: Corticosteroids, immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., thalidomide, lenalidomide), and chemotherapy agents.
  • Radiation Therapy: To target and reduce specific bone lesions.
  • Stem Cell Transplant: In some cases, a stem cell transplant may be recommended to replace the diseased bone marrow with healthy cells.
  • Surgery: Rarely, surgery might be necessary to stabilize bones or remove isolated tumors.

Cost of Treatment and Stay in India

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