Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia Vera
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) :
A1: Early signs include fatigue, headaches, dizziness, and itching. However, many people do not show symptoms until the disease has progressed.
A2: There is no cure for Polycythemia Vera, but it can be managed effectively with treatment to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.
A3: It is diagnosed through blood tests, genetic testing for the JAK2 mutation, and sometimes a bone marrow biopsy.
A4: Yes, India has top-tier medical facilities offering comprehensive treatment for Polycythemia Vera at affordable costs.
What is Polycythemia Vera?
Polycythemia Vera (PV) is a rare blood disorder that causes your bone marrow to produce too many red blood cells. This leads to thickened blood, which can slow down blood flow and increase the risk of blood clots. Polycythemia Vera is a chronic condition and usually develops slowly over time, often without any noticeable symptoms in the early stages.
Causes of Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia Vera is primarily caused by a mutation in the JAK2 gene, which is responsible for regulating blood cell production. This genetic mutation occurs randomly and is not inherited from parents. The exact reason why this mutation happens is still unknown. The disorder is more common in older adults, particularly those over the age of 60, and slightly more common in men than in women.
Types of Polycythemia Vera
Polycythemia Vera is typically categorized into two types:
- Primary Polycythemia Vera (PV): This is the most common type and is directly caused by the JAK2 gene mutation.
- Secondary Polycythemia: This occurs when other factors, such as low oxygen levels, stimulate the production of more red blood cells. It is not caused by a JAK2 mutation but rather by conditions like chronic lung disease, tumors, or living at high altitudes.
Symptoms of Polycythemia Vera
The symptoms of Polycythemia Vera can vary and often develop slowly. Common symptoms include:
- Fatigue
- Headaches
- Dizziness or light-headedness
- Itching, especially after a hot bath
- Reddened skin, particularly on the face
- Shortness of breath
- Tingling or burning sensation in hands and feet
- Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly)
- Blood clots leading to deep vein thrombosis or stroke
Diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera
Diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera typically involves:
- Blood Tests: To measure the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
- JAK2 Gene Mutation Test: To confirm the presence of the JAK2 mutation.
- Bone Marrow Biopsy: To examine the bone marrow and check for any abnormalities.
- Oxygen Level Measurement: To rule out secondary causes of polycythemia.
Treatment Options for Polycythemia Vera
While there is no cure for Polycythemia Vera, treatment focuses on managing symptoms and reducing the risk of complications. Treatment options include:
- Phlebotomy: Regularly removing blood from the body to lower red blood cell levels.
- Medications:
- Hydroxyurea: To reduce red blood cell production.
- Aspirin: To reduce the risk of blood clots.
- Interferon Alpha: For patients who cannot tolerate other treatments.
- JAK2 Inhibitors: Newer medications targeting the JAK2 mutation.
- Lifestyle Changes:
- Staying active
- Avoiding tobacco use
- Managing cardiovascular risk factors like high blood pressure and cholesterol
Cost of Treatment and Stay in India
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